PSG has now claimed the season-opening cup on 14 different times.
The Parisian giants needed a stoppage-time leveler followed by a perfect penalty shootout to overcome their arch-rivals in the Gulf and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup title.
The Champions League holders appeared to be sailing towards a comfortable triumph in the showdown between the French league champions and the French Cup holders after the French winger opened the scoring early on.
However, the southern French side struck twice in the closing moments to seize a shock lead. First, the English forward converted from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable twist of events, the Portuguese striker grabbed a vital equaliser in the dying seconds to send the match into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then stood as the key figure, stopping crucial kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all converted successfully for PSG to seal a convincing penalty victory.
The record winners Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now won this trophy for the twelfth time in the past thirteen seasons.
